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Mummers play
Mummers Plays are seasonal British folk plays, performed by troupes of amateur actors known as mummers or guisers (or by local names such as ''rhymers'', ''pace-eggers'', ''soulers'', ''tipteerers'', ''wrenboys'', ''galoshins'', ''guysers'', and so on). Originally from the British Isles, the practice has spread to a number of former British colonies. They are sometimes performed in the street, but more usually as house-to-house visits and in local Pubs.
Although the term ''mummers'' has been used since medieval times, no play scripts or performance details survive from that era, and the term may have been used loosely to describe performers of several different kinds. Though mumming may have precedents in German and French carnival customs, as well as in late medieval English folk practices, the earliest evidence of mummers' plays as they are known today (usually involving a magical cure by a quack doctor) is from the mid to late 18th century. Mummering plays should not be confused with the earlier mystery plays.
==Etymology==
The word ''mummer'' is sometimes explained to derive from Middle English ''mum'' ("silent") or Greek ''mommo'' ("mask"), but is more likely to be associated with Early New High German ''mummer'' ("disguised person", attested in Johann Fischart) and ''vermummen'' ("to wrap up, to disguise, to mask ones faces"),〔(Brüder Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, s.v. ''Mummen'' )〕 which itself is derived from or came to be associated with ''mummen'' (first attested already in Middle High German by a prohibition in Mühlhausen, Thuringia, 1351)〔(Matthias Lexer, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch, s.v. ''mummen'' )〕 and ''mum(en)schanz'', (Hans Sachs, Nuremberg, 16th century), these latter words originally referring to a game or throw (''schanz'') of dice.〔(Brüder Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, s.v. ''Mummenschanz'' )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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